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程门立雪

Standing in the Snow at the Master’s Door

Reading level: Beginner

Two scholars in the Northern Song travel to study under the Neo-Confucian master Cheng Yi and wait in silence while he rests; when he wakes, the snow outside the door is a foot deep. A graded retelling, with notes on where this famous image really comes from.

大约九百年前,中国是北宋的时候。有两个读书人,一个叫杨时,一个叫游酢。他们都很爱学习。

他们想找一个好老师。当时有一位很有名的老师,叫程颐。他知道很多道理,很多年轻人都来跟他学习。

杨时那时候已经四十岁了,也读过很多书。可是他觉得,自己还要跟程颐学习。

有一天,杨时和游酢一起去程颐家。那天下着大雪,天很冷。

他们走进屋里,看见程颐坐在椅子上,闭着眼睛。他正在休息。

两个学生没有叫醒老师,也没有走开。他们站在旁边,安安静静地等。

雪一直下。过了很久很久,程颐才慢慢睁开眼睛。

他看见两个学生还站在那里,心里很感动。他再看看门外,地上的雪已经有一尺深了。

后来,杨时读了很多书,也教了很多学生,成了一位大学者。人们用“程门立雪”这个故事,教大家要尊敬老师,认真学习。

Sources

  • History of Song (宋史 · 杨时传), “Biography of Yang Shi”, compiled under the Yuan dynasty, 1345 — Principal narrative source for the visit to Cheng Yi and for the snow; a public-domain classical text.
  • Collected Works of the Two Cheng Brothers (二程集 · 河南程氏遗书), sayings of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi recorded by their disciples, edited in the Song — Background on the Cheng brothers’ teaching at Luoyang, which Yang Shi and You Zuo came to study; public domain.

History and legend

The visit of Yang Shi and You Zuo to Cheng Yi is recorded in the “Biography of Yang Shi” in the History of Song, a dynastic history compiled under the Yuan dynasty more than two centuries after the event, so its scene is a later retelling rather than an eyewitness account. The source says the two men “stood in attendance and did not leave” and that when Cheng Yi woke “the snow outside the door was a foot deep”; it does not say they waited outdoors in the snowfall — that more dramatic picture belongs to later popular retellings. The four-character phrase 程门立雪 is likewise a later summary of the anecdote, not a phrase from the Song text. Yang Shi’s later career and his place in the transmission of Cheng learning down to Zhu Xi are historical. The Chinese retelling and English translation on this page are our own.